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Prayer through the day

The Five Daily Prayers

Five prayers light up the day from dawn to night: when each one falls, how many rak‘ahs it has, and how to answer the adhan — with the sun’s position drawn for every time.

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The adhan — the call to prayer

Before every prayer the mu’adhdhin calls from the mosque: Allāhu akbar. When you hear it, repeat each line after him; at “ḥayya ‘ala ṣ-ṣalāh” and “ḥayya ‘ala l-falāḥ” say instead: lā ḥawla wa lā quwwata illā billāh. Afterwards send blessings on the Prophet ﷺ and make the du‘a for him.

What you say

اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ · أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ · أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ · حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ · حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ · اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ · لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ

Pronunciation: Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar · Ash-hadu an lā ilāha illallāh · Ash-hadu anna Muḥammadan rasūlullāh · Ḥayya ‘ala ṣ-ṣalāh · Ḥayya ‘ala l-falāḥ · Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar · Lā ilāha illallāh

Meaning: Allah is the greatest · I bear witness there is no god but Allah · I bear witness Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah · Come to prayer · Come to success · Allah is the greatest · There is no god but Allah.

The evidence

«إِذَا سَمِعْتُمُ النِّدَاءَ فَقُولُوا مِثْلَ مَا يَقُولُ الْمُؤَذِّنُ»

When you hear the call, say what the mu’adhdhin says.

Sahih al-Bukhari 611Read the original text

Note: The du‘a after the adhan: “O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and the prayer about to be established, grant Muhammad the wasīlah and the highest rank, and raise him to the praised station You promised him” — whoever says it earns the Prophet’s ﷺ intercession on the Day of Judgment. (Sahih al-Bukhari 614)

How do I know the times in my city?

  • The times shift daily with your location — take them from a prayer-times app, a nearby mosque’s timetable, or its adhan.
  • The sun positions in the pictures are what the apps calculate from — learn them and you can tell the time with no phone.
  • Travellers and the ill have concessions (combining and shortening) — the details belong with a qualified authority.

For parents

  • Teach a child the prayer at seven with encouragement, and keep it yourself in front of them — example outweighs instruction. (Sunan Abi Dawud 495)
  • Tie each prayer to a marker in their day: Fajr with waking, Dhuhr with coming home from school, Maghrib with the sunset from the window.

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﴿رَبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا﴾

This page is simplified teaching material, not a fatwa. For questions specific to your situation, refer to a recognised authority such as Egypt’s Dar al-Ifta or Al-Azhar.